In today’s fast-paced world, sleep is often the first thing we sacrifice in favour of work, training, or social commitments. But as a physiotherapist, I can’t stress enough how vital sleep is for recovery, injury prevention, and overall physical health.
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The power of Mindset.
Sleep – What is enough?
Sleep has to be one of the most underrated essential components to our own wellbeing! Stressed people often have sleep issues and a lack of sleep is a stressor in itself, talk about a catch 22! When we first fall asleep our brain waves go through various stages effectively slowing down.
- The most regenerative stage for the body is when the brains signals are in slow wave formation. This usually happens around the first 90 minutes of sleep and then at intervals throughout the night.
- After around 90 minutes the body goes into REM sleep (rapid eye movement) and it is through this stage that we are thought to do our most visual dreaming. This phase is essential as it is through REM sleep that are vital for psychological health and well being.
- If you do not get enough in quantity or the quality is not good enough you will end up with fatigue. It is important to note that just because someone may not be able to remember their dream does not mean that they have not dreamt.
The effects of sleep are very far reaching! Interestingly both too much and too little can have a detrimental effect on your health – primarily premature death! The amount of sleep that correlates with the longest lifespan is between 5-9 hours a night. As we age there is a higher correlation between less than five and more than nine hours sleep a night and increased mortality.
- 7 hours sleep is linked to the lowest death rate.
However, you may be getting the right amount of sleep but if the quality of that sleep is poor then you are still going to damage your health. As we age our sleep often gets lighter and more fragmented. We may not get enough slow wave or REM sleep. During these phases the brain produces higher levels of the growth hormone somatrophin. This hormone helps with the repair and replacement of tissue and bone. During the daytime these levels are lower.
If you are also stressed, the subsequently high levels of cortisol further suppress somatrophin which then diverts energy away from repairing the body and focuses it on dealing with the high energy demands of dealing with a stressful situation. Normally, cortisol levels would be low when you are asleep. However if you are suffering chronic and/or prolonged stress then that cortisol level is not going to drop sufficiently when you are asleep. As this then suppresses tissue repair it effectively speeds up the ageing process.
“Although I can find no research to prove this, the dynamics of sleep and stress suggest that it is best to go to sleep unstressed.” (Patrick Holford)
People often concentrate so hard on good sleep quality that they forget the importance of how they wake up too.
So, we know that cortisol and adrenaline levels are lower during the night – as long as we are not stressed! Pulse and BP will be lower and will increase on waking up. If you wake up with an increased pulse or high BP then this would indicate raised cortisol levels through the night. This is very common with people suffering SAD and depression. Another cause is sleep apnoea which affects between 3-8% or men. Interesting stress is a causal factor and can cause fewer REM stages resulting in less restorative sleep. REM sleep is the most critical phase for the mind. REM phases tend to last around 30 minutes and occur around 5-7 times throughout the night. If an individual is deprived of REM sleep then they will not feel fully rested on waking and are more susceptible to depression. When they do get REM sleep, their phases tend to last longer than the average 30 minutes and this suggests that our minds need to have this time to process what has been happening in our lives. REM sleep is often noted as the only time the brain really unwinds. We dream through REM sleep to allow the brain to fully relax (this is all conjecture by the way but thought of by many sleep specialists!) and these dreams are essential for mental and emotional health.
High levels of cortisol will result in less REM sleep which will lead to potential emotional instability and this may have a knock on effect with food and exercise choices if people are using that avenue to feel better.
Interestingly some anti-depressants suppress REM sleep – can someone please explain how that is supposed to help!?
Written with help from a friend,
Jane x






